Development Theories

Erik Erikson elaborated Freuds genital demoin adolescence, and added three stages of adulthood (William, 2011). The eight stages check to Mcleod are Trust Versus Mistrust (birth 1 year), Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (2 3 years), Initiative vs. Guilt (3 5 years), patience (competence) vs. Inferiority (6 12 years), Identity vs. manipulation Confusion (13 18 years), Intimacy vs. closing off (young adulthood), Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood) and Ego Integrity vs. despair (old age). I am going to discuss the first two.At infancy, children learn to trust or/and qualm people and environment. I hitherto have family members I am awkward being around because they use to exhilarate me as a child. Now in that location is always a sense of mistrust when I am around them. As toddlers, (18 months-3 years) take pride in ego and learn to face fears or self-doubt. This is the stage where we gain sphincter control and bulge out potty training. If our caregivers are over ly vital or impatient, or if they demean our efforts, we prepare feelings of shame and doubt.After my mum showed me a hardly a(prenominal) times how to go potty, I would signalize her I did not want her in the toilet and I could do it myself. This gave me a sense of autonomy and self-esteem. For Erikson, psychosocial development involves certain(p) crises which the individual must face at each stage. Reference McLeod, S. A. (2008). Erik Erikson Psychosocial Stages. Retrieved fromhttp//www. simplypsychology. org/Erik-Erikson. htmlsthash. dBmFr2FJ. dpbs Crain, William (2011). Theories of increment Concepts and Applications (6th ed. ).