Sexual Fulfillment in Chopins Awakening - 878 Words

Society keeps order, allows for advancement, and gives humanity a good face. It also imposes morals, roles, and limits a persons potential development. If someone wishes to reach beyond what society expects of them, they must cast aside social restrictions. Edna Pontellier, in Kate Chopins The Awakening, feels the urge to cast off the veil society burdens her with and live as she chooses to. The driving factor behind her desire to awaken is her lack of sexual fulfillment. She lives her life following conduct becoming of a woman who marries into the Creole elite of New Orleans. While her husband, Leacute;once, adores her, she does not truly love him and their relationship appears platonic. Robert, a young paramour, woos Edna and†¦show more content†¦nbsp; Robert presents himself as a solution to the lack of romantic love in Ednas life. A young, nice looking man, he spends his summer devoted to Edna. She likes his attention and his adoring manner draws her to him. As they spend more time together, he begins to sing her songs and recite romantic poetry. This romantic aspect fills a void in her life. For the first time, she recognized the symptoms of infatuation which she had felt incipiently as a child, as a girl in her early teens, and later as a young woman (45). Robert gives her the picture perfect, model, swept off her feet in love romance that she direly needs. However, he soon retires to Mexico for a business venture and leaves Edna to pine for him in his absence. While he is gone, Edna thinks constantly of Robert and begs Mademoiselle Reisz to allow her to read the letter Robert sends. Devastated, she finds no mention of her name in the letter. When Robert finally returns, he pays little attention to her and again dep arts, telling her he is leaving because he loves her. She writhed with a jealous pang. She wondered when he would come back. He had not said he would come back. She had been with him, had heard his voice and touched his hand. But some way he had seemed neared to her off there in Mexico (103). While Robert helped awaken Ednas sexuality, he left her again, and she now knew the true joys and pains ofShow MoreRelatedThe Unique Style Of Kate Chopin s Writing1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe unique style of Kate Chopin’s writing has influenced and paved the way for many female authors. Although not verbally, Kate Chopin aired political and social issues affecting women and challenging the validity of such restrictions through fiction. Kate Chopin, a feminist in her time, prevailed against the notion that a woman’s purpose was to only be a housewife and nothing more. Kate Chopin fortified the importance of women empowerment, self-expression, self-assertion, and female sexua lity throughRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1135 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play, â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen, and the novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, the two protagonists named Nora Helmer and Edna Pontillier depict feminist ideals during the Victorian era in their struggle for independence, both sexually and emotionally. Nora and Edna are feminists in the late 1800s, trapped in an era and a society dictated by men. Both works parallel together and are significant because they show how Edna and Nora awaken, as their roles and self-realization progressRead More The Writing Style and Beliefs of Kate Chopin Essay example2035 Words   |  9 Pagesshe draws stunning and intelligent characters in a rich and bold writing style that was not accepted because it was so far ahead of its time. She risked her reputation by creating female heroines as independent women who wish to receive sexual and emotional fulfillment, an idea unheard of in the 1800s. In the late nineteenth century, the central belief of the vast majority was that the womans job was to support and nurture her husband and children. Women were given no individual identity and wereRead MoreKate Chopins Writing Career and Influence on Society Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor that introduced powerful female characters to the american literacy world. She was most known for her brilliant book The Awakening. However at that time it received many negative reviews, causing the downfall of Kate’s writing career. Now the book is such a influential story that it is being taught in classrooms throughout the world. This essay will discuss Kate Chopin’s writing career and the impact her writing has on society. Kate Chopin was an author best known for her strong leading femaleRead MoreThe Co Existence Of Feminism And Naturalism1625 Words   |  7 PagesClaire Schenken Mr. Carroll English IV AP 20 October 2014 The Co-Existence of Feminism and Naturalism in The Awakening As the book that simultaneously killed Kate Chopin’s career and synthesized traditional literary features, such as romanticism, with their new opponents feminism and naturalism, The Awakening bares a weighted name. The Victorian-era setting in which it was also written can be greatly accredited to these ideas, as the influx of new ideas regarding society, gender roles, and humanRead MoreAn Analysis Of Kate Chopin s Chopin 1690 Words   |  7 Pagesrather traditional life as a housewife until her husband’s untimely death, which significantly changed the course of her life. Chopin s career as a writer actually began when she started facing financial struggles due to the death of her husband. Chopin’s mother persuaded her to move back to St. Louis, but unfortunately she passed away soon after, which left Chopin alone and helpless once again. Chopin was actually told by a family friend and obstetrician that writing might help her fight her stateRead MoreEssay on T he Awakening1610 Words   |  7 Pages In their analytical papers on The Awakening by Kate Chopin, both Elaine Showalter and Elizabeth Le Blanc speak to the importance of homosocial relationship to Edna’s awakenings. They also share the viewpoint that Edna’s return to the sea in the final scene of the book represents Edna being one with her female lover and finding the fulfillment she has been seeking. We see evidence of this idea of the sea as a feminine from Showalter when she tells us that â€Å"As the female body is prone to wetness,Read MoreMale Dominance in Todays Society Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pageshand, Kate Chopin proved to be an American author ahead of her time. In her short story entitled â€Å"The Awakening†, there is a strong theme of female rebellion against societal norms. While Adrienne Rich has developed a very serious poem through â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers.† The protagonist in her poem lacks the strength that Edna Pon tellier possesses to overcome her own oppression. â€Å"The Awakening† fell under heavy criticism by many analysts when the book was published in the late 1890’s. Within theRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1193 Words   |  5 PagesDavian Hart The Awakening By: Kate Chopin AP Literature Topic 3 Hart 1 Over the course of time the male species has always been the gender to attain the more favorable conditions. Numerous cultures heed to the belief that the man is the provider and head of his family. This machismo nature can condition the mind to believe that a man should feel superior to a woman. The continuous cycle of male superiority flows down from father to son subconsciously. Do to this unceasingRead MoreWhat Is Edna Pontelliers Symbolism InThe Awakening?1120 Words   |  5 Pages Page 1 of 3 ZOOM In Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, the main character, Edna Pontellier surrenders something extremely important: her life. She becomes very self-aware and secretly stands for women being independent from common gender roles and expectations, later realizing that society wants the exact opposite. This highlights several of Edna’s values, including her freedom, her art, and her sexuality.Throughout the novel, Edna Pontellier finds herself being held back because of

Essay on An Analysis of the Effects of Eating Disorders...

Body perception plays a major role in the self-concept that we create. Based on this view establishes our self-esteem, and many western civilizations are subjugated to an unrealistic image that their society conveys. Many young Americans cope with this â€Å"perfect† image by developing eating disorders. Although eating disorders can affect everyone the most common stereotype is young American women. Evidence shows that eleven million women and one million men have developed an eating disorder (Stephens et al). The social pressure to conform to a certain standard mainly affects girls, due to gender socialization and the objective theory. Eating disorders consisting of anorexia nervosa and bulimia are the result of a society that has underlying†¦show more content†¦Now more than ever restrictive diets or eating less, is a rationalization to a healthy lifestyle and not considered a deviation (Arnaiz). Eating disorders create social issues ranging from family dysfuncti on, physical harm, and mental harm. The gender socialization theory expresses the key importance body shape is to women. This is shown through cultural ideal thinness, as depicted through underweight models. Our society views slim bodies as beautiful and worthy, and is compared drastically to the image of overweight individuals who are regarded as offensive or even disgusting. This proves that women are evaluated through self-concept or self-image. On the other hand, men are more viewed for their accomplishments and success(Mintz). The prevalence of eating disorders in the United States is continually rising due to dissatisfaction with body image that pervades our Western culture. Women are reduced to physical attributes instead of achievements, and it provides extensive pressure to appear attractive. The objectification of women to such an extent shows her only relevance as physical by placing high demands for her to appear thin, because thinness is perceived as beautiful. Since such unrealistic demands are being sought studies show that 64% of undergraduate women haveShow MoreRelatedBody Image : Breaking The Stereotypes And Standards947 Words   |  4 Pagesthis type of peer-pressure. The effects of trying to achieve the ideal body type can be detrimental to ones self-esteem and health. Negative body image can cause severe medical conditions such as eating disorders. Amanda J. Holmstrom claims, â€Å"One prominent theory is that the media’s constant depiction of extremely thin women leads women to believe they should try to meet this ideal† (The Effects of the Media on Body Image: A Meta-Analysis 196). Some eating disorders include anorexia nervosa and bulimiaRead MoreEssay on The Media Influence on Body Image925 Words   |  4 Pagesfoundations for examining the relationship between media and body image ( Holmstrom, 2004). Here I review the theory that has been used by researcher in the area. Bandura’s Social cognitive theory (1994) assumed that â€Å"people learn and model the behaviors of attractive others†. The supporters of this theory suggest that young women find slim models in the media attractive and try to imitate them through dieting which leads them to eating disorders. Body image refers to a person’s unique perceptionRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Young People1304 Words   |  6 PagesIs Social media responsible for the increase in Mental Health issues in young people? The rates of mental health issues in teenagers and young people is increasing, with 20% of the young people in the United States suffering from a mental disorder in their lifetime (Traci Pederson, 2010, Psych Central). This increase must have stemmed from something recent and modern, which many psychologists believe may be the large increase in use of social media, for example Facebook, which has around 1.2 billionRead MoreSocial Medi A Major Impact On The World Today1447 Words   |  6 Pages Social media continues to have a major impact on the world today. From MySpace to Facebook, there is no denying the inevitable continued growth of social media over the decade. Even though the main purpose of social media may be to share your thoughts, opinions and events with your friends there are still evident drawbacks. As I was growing up through high school, social media just began to grow and become extremely popular. If you did not have a Facebook or twitter account you would be kept o utRead MoreEssay about Movie Icons1614 Words   |  7 Pagesachieve the thin-ideal. This influence by mass-media affects just about anyone including males and females, adults, adolescents, and children. The exposure to mass media’s depiction of the thin-ideal body may be linked to body image disturbance in women. Researchers Grabe, Hyde, and Ward (2008) conducted a meta-analysis which examined experimental and correlational studies focusing on media exposure’s relationship with women’s body dissatisfaction, eating behavior, and internalization of the thin idealRead MoreObesity And The Mass Media Essay935 Words   |  4 Pagesyou like to know about the topic so that you can resolve a problem, an issue or unknown? I am particularly interested in the contributors to eating disorder, for instance, the relationship between eating disorders to bullying, the media, social environments, and so forth. D. What is your topic about? The research topic is about bulimia and the mass media. The topic will relate to the mental health of female adolescents. There is no set geographic location nor would timeframe for the literatureRead MoreMedia s Impact On Media Consumption Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesaccess an infinite amount of resources on the internet, 24 hours a day 7 days a week (XXXX). The rapid technological advancements has shifted the consumption of media from television, magazines and billboards to online digital media channels accessed via mobile devices, creating a ‘bedroom culture’ (Sumner, 2016) for many. The shift in media consumption has particularly been induced by the emergence of Social Networking Sites as well as other online platforms, which have become an integral part ofRead MoreDoes the Media Influence Young Womens Body Image in Ireland884 Words   |  4 PagesDoes the media influence young women’s body image in Ireland? The department of Health estimates that 200,000 people are affected by eating disorders every year in Ireland of which 80 people die as a result (www.dofc.ie). In a study on Irish girls 27.2% were found to exhibit clinical levels of bulimia, with 71.4% of Irish adolescents feel adversely affected by media portrayal of body weight and shape (www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com). Self-image was the number one factor that affects the mental healthRead MoreThe impact of medias representation of ideal body size on attitudes towards own body image952 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the Medias overwhelming representation of thinness has a large contributing factor towards young women’s attitudes of their own body weight dissatisfaction (Jacobi Cash‚ 1994). This dissatisfaction stems from discrepancies between the accepted standard of female body image repeatedly shown in today’s media and their own bodies leading to the formation of attitudes that their own weight is not adequate. For example, a meta-analysis comparing the results of 25 studies that presented media imagesRead MoreSocial Media Has a Negative Effect on Body Image and Self Esteem1202 Words   |  5 Pages Social media has become one of the most popular sources of communication for the upcoming generation. For young people growing up in today’s society, social media outlets such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter have provided pictures and news that have become the first thing that their eyes see in the morning and the last thing that they see before bed. These pictures have provided unrealistic standards as to what is considered beautiful in today’s society. As young people refer to these images

Department of Parliamentary Library - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Department of Parliamentary Library. Answer: Inteoduction: In the present report, an attempt has been made to give the details of the 1998 Australian waterfront dispute and also to explore the issues concerning employment relations, effective workplace reform management, examining the role of various stakeholders involved in the dispute and also to explain the different types of industrial action that took place in this case and the legal matters involved in it. The 1998 waterfront dispute can be easily described as a historical event and is also among the most significant industrial reforms of the 1980s. The impact of this event can be seen on the entire waterfront industry. Due to this event, the traditional role of Maritime Union of Australia as well as the other trade unions had to be re-examined. In the present report, the issues covered include the background all the causes of the dispute, the industrial actions that were taken during the dispute, relevant legal considerations, these short-term as well as the long-term impact on the di spute on different stakeholders, and also on the industry and the conflict resolution strategies that were adopted in this case. As Australia started to rise as a significant economic power, by 1990, the docks in Australia had seen nearly a rise of 64% in the amount of cargo that was being imported/exported as compared to the 1980s. The technological advances that were introduced during this period by containerization and Waterfront Industry Reform Authority (WIRA) resulted in significant changes taking place in the world practices of stevedoring companies by decreasing the labor intensive methods. As the Howard government was concerned with the perceived legging behind in industrial competitiveness, for instances of the poor crane rates (the rate of containers being shifted per hour), the Workplace Relations Act, 1996 was introduced with a view to make labor more productive and effective. Did any external business environment factors contribute to the dispute between the parties? If so, explain the relationship between these factors and the dispute: This was the time when it was decided by Patricks Stevedoring that for the purpose of retaining competitiveness, the company has to reduce costs, particularly the cost of labor, and similarly it needed to improve its productivity rates. This was the time when a study was released by the Productivity Commission. In this study, among other issues, it was revealed that over-manning at the docks was one of the factors behind poor international productivity rates. Therefore, supported by the findings of this study, Chris Corrigan, who was the CEO of Patricks, arrived at the conclusion that reforms should be pursued which involved the creation of redundancies for the workers and also implanting non-union casual labor. However, while planning these moves, there were no consultations with the workers already Maritime Union of Australia as a result of which the resistance to these changes worsened and it fueled the conflict. Before this dispute, a restructure as implemented by Patricks according to which all the labor working for it was internally outsource four different companies. All these companies are owned by Patricks group. The assets of stevedoring that were earlier owned by Patricks stevedoring were transferred to these companies that were a part of the Patricks group. In this way the employer companies that entered into labor supply contracts with the actual operations divisions of Patricks. Under these circumstances, on seven April, 1990 the labor supply agreements were terminated by the Patricks group with its employer companies. After losing the major assets of these employer companies, these companies are placing the administration as a result of insolvency. Then Patricks got involved into new and previously arranged agreements with the National Farmers Federation so that it can get non-unionized labor. The effect was that Patricks was sued by the MUA, and they made a request to the federal court that the earlier employment arrangements should be reinstated during the length of the trial and the involvement of an illegal conspiracy that was also backed by the government to particularly sack the MUA workers that was in breach of the provisions of Workplace Relations Act. It was specifically claimed that the owner entities could not be allowed to act on the purported termination of labor supply agreements created with the employer entities. The labor supply agreements were to be considered as remaining on foot. It was also claimed that these agreements cannot be terminated as 14 days written notice has not been given to the MUA in advance. The owner entities cannot be allowed to require labor services from some other source and the companies in administration cannot be allowed to do anything that may result in the termination of the employees of Patricks. In the same way, it was sought from the court that the other companies forming a part of the Patricks group would not be allowed to dispose of their assets other than in the normal course of business. The MUA was granted leave to take action against the companies in administration. Analyse the dispute from the point of view of each relevant stakeholders or actors in the dispute (such as the employer, employees, unions, employer associations and State and Federal Governments). Consider the goals of each stakeholder in the dispute, and the industrial strategies or tactics used to forward their claim: In this case the judge arrived at the and that their reasons were present to believe that the only reason due to which the corporate restructure was implemented by Patricks was due to the fact that the employees were members of MUA and on the other hand Patricks wanted to dismiss these employees and hire the workers were not part of the union. As a result, these orders were made by the court. In reply to these orders of the court, Patricks made an appeal to the High Court. However, in the decision of 6-1, the earlier decision was upheld with a minor amendment that the administrators of the labor supply companies were given freedom to make redundant some of the workers that have been hired earlier. Industrial actions have been defined by the Industrial Relations Act as anything that has been done in contemplation or furtherance of trade dispute with a view to compel the employer or the employees to accept the demands of the employees or the employer. In the present case, Patricks took the following industrial action. Under the leadership of Chris Corrigan, extensive measures were taken by Patricks for the purpose of hiring nonunion workforce and to reduce the impact of MUA on its operations. Chris Corrigan met two former SAS commandos and asked them if ex-military personnel can be had for dock work as he wanted to replace the entire work force of the company. The ex-commandos agreed to this proposal and a company, Fynwest was formed for recruiting the personnel. After advertisements were issued in Army newspaper, nearly 80 persons were recruited for the operation and training was to be provided to them in Dubai. However, the International Transport Federation decided to boycott the Dubai ports in retaliation. As a result of strong pressure, UAE government decided to deport these men back to Australia. On seven April, 1998, suddenly all the unionized workers comprising 1400 permanent and 600 casual employees were sacked by Patrick stevedoring. This was done for the purpose of recruiting new nonunion workers. Immediately after the termination of the workers, a lockout was enforced by Patrick. This continued for more than a month. The company enjoyed complete support from the Federal government. The reason was that the Federal government also wanted to reduce the influence of the Union on the industry. A large number of security guards along with guard dogs entered the 17 wharves of Patrick throughout Australia and the workers were forced off the job. On the other hand, in this election was also taken by the MUA. Wildcat (not authorized by the union) and the rolling (in intervals of 48 hours for avoiding fine under Workplace Relations Act) strikes took place. However, the unions carefully condemned any violent protests. For example in one case, they revoked the membership of a person who had thrown a brick on the bus of non-union labor. In the same way, the kids were organized by the union, which blockaded the ports of Patricks to prevent the non-union workers from handling cargo that was being loaded or unloaded on the docks. Patrick sought, and also received an order from the court which barred the members of MUA from attending the blockade even if this order was largely ignored and at the same time, the police were not very enthusiastic to enforce this order as they feared a backlash or a riot. How was the dispute resolved?: It is clear that in case of this industrial dispute, there was a lack of effective communication. As a result, there was no chance that the dispute could have been resolved before its escalation. Generally, such a dispute needs to be referred to the AIRC (the industrial relations commission). Therefore the issue can be solved by arbitration or conciliation. But the ability of the AIRC to forcefully intervene in case of a dispute was taken away by the Workplace Relations Act, 1996. On the other hand, Patrick had refused to voluntarily refer this dispute to the commission and neither the federal government was willing to do so. In fact on the basis of the advice given by the Workplace Relations Minister, Peter Reith, the CEO of Patrick, Corrigan arguably deliberately made arrangements that the dispute could not be affected by the Industrial Relations Commission. In this regard, Peter Reith has stated that the Stevedores are required to use well-prepared strategies for the purpose of di smissing their workforce and quickly replacing them with another in a way that limit the chances of, for instance, an order by the Commission reinstating the current workforce. Probably this remains the reluctance of the government as well as Patrick to resolve the dispute by using methods like communication and negotiation and a willful disregard for industrial fallout and the unionized employees. Therefore despite the fact that one of the best arbitration systems was available, they did not have confidence in the AIRC. As they were trying to break the law, this could not be accepted by any arbitration commission. It was not surprising that both Peter Reith and Chris Corrigan were at least going to the Federal court and they wanted to get out of it in the High Court, because they were aware of the fact that they cannot win legitimately. The dispute was not related with negotiating work arrangements, but they were concerned about removing the MUA. Do you think the dispute was resolved effectively? Consider the implications of this dispute on Employment Relations in Australia: Under these circumstances, it becomes clear that in view of the decade of mounting issues, the waterfront dispute was a conflict that was bound to explode. However, unfortunately, along with the poor management of industrial relations by Patricks with its workers and unions along with the reluctance of the government and the company to have genuine negotiations, it can be said that in such a case even minor issues can escalate into a larger conflict if the issue is not handled with due sensitivity and appropriate communication. It can also be said that this dispute was not concerned with dock reforms or international competitiveness. The main reason behind this conflict was bursting the unions, particularly the MUA and Corrigan was used by the government to try and make an example. On the other hand, if genuine reforms would have been intended, the union would have cooperated and negotiated. However. They were willing to replace the unionized workers with Scabs. But in the opinion of Chris Corrigan, this dispute was the required catalyst for reform. He mentions in this regard that all he did was to accelerate the inevitable. He simply brought home the direction that we were heading. Although he admits that he may have done it in a dramatic way, but in the end. It was successful in achieving the desired results. In the end, it can be said that without significant industrial fallout, it was not possible to achieve the dock reforms. But in case the AIRC could have been invited to arbitrate in this matter, much of the cost related records and other negatives could have been avoided. Bibliography Sutcliffe, P. and Callus, R. Glossary of Australian Industrial Relations Terms, (ACIRRT/ACSM, 1994) p. 31 Hamilton, C. Productivity in Australian Container Terminals, Mimeo, the Australia Institute, 1998 Williams, P. 'Secret plan to cripple dock unions', The Australian Financial Review, 12 December 1997 O'Neill, S., A Preliminary Outline of the Waterfront Dispute, Current Issues Brief No.15 1997-98, Department of the Parliamentary Library, 12 May 1998 Petzal S, Abbot K, Timo N 2003, 'Australian Industrial Relations: In an Asian Context', Eruditions Publishing, Victoria, p.7 O'Neill, S., (14 September 1998). "The Waterfront Dispute: from High Court to Settlement". aph.gov.au. Retrieved 2017-05-08 Helen, T and Anne D., (2000) Waterfront: the battle that changed Australia. Doubleday.

The Fall Of Shonghay, Adn Alantic Slave Trade Essays -

The Fall Of Shonghay, Adn Alantic Slave Trade The Fall of Songhay and Atlantic Slave Trade Africa has had great nations such as Ghana, and Mali. In keeping up with their tradition of great civiliztions, out emerges Songhay. The Songhay Empire was a black trading state that reached its peak during the 1400s and 1500s. Songhay extended from the central area of what is now Nigeria to the Atlantic coast and included parts of what are now Burkina Faso, Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal. Gao, the capital, stood on the Niger river. Songhai became powerful chiefly by controlling trade across the Sahara. Most of Songhays people were farmers, fishers, or traders. The traders exchanged gold and other West African products for goods from Europe and the Middle East. The Songhay Empire was based on the strength of the important trading city of Gao. This city won its independence from Mali as early as 1375, and, within a century, it had developed into an empire. Songhay carried on a vigorous trade with the outside world particularly with the Arabic countries. The ruling class, in particular, continued to follow the religion of Islam, but it is generally believed that the masses of the population remained faithful to the more traditional West African religions based on fetishism, and ancestor worship. Two of the more powerful rulers were Sunni Ali, who began his 28-year reign in 1464, and Askia Mohammed, who began his 36-year reign in 1493. Akia Mohammed was also known as Askia the Great. Songhay reached its peak during his rule. Askia expanded trade, and encouraged people to practice Islam, the religion of the Muslims. His three sons disposed him in 1591. The security of Songhay was undermined when the Arabs from Morocco invaded and captured the key trading city of Timbuktu in 1591. Thus ended the last of the three great empires of West Africa. History Essays

Solution Focused Therapy

Solution Focused Therapy Therapists, who rely on solution focused therapy, emphasise the role of exceptions or the situations when a person managed to cope with a problem that usually seemed insurmountable. Moreover, these practitioners lay stress on the idea that a patient has the strength to overcome such difficulties on a regular basis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Solution Focused Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper includes the discussion of a video that exemplifies the main techniques included in solution focused therapy. In particular, this video shows how a practitioner can help a person control the outbursts of anger. The task of this professional is to assist an individual in changing his/her views on a certain difficulty. These are the main issues that can be distinguished. The principles of solution focused therapy were formulated by Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer (Sharry, 2007, p. 132). This method is aime d at helping clients discover the way in which their difficulties can be overcome. This paper will explore the role of exceptions in this method. In particular, exceptions can be viewed as those situations when a person was able to cope with his/her challenges. Apart from that, much attention should be paid to the amplification of exceptions. In other words, a therapist should highlight the idea that small successes can be transformed into a norm. To some degree, this discussion will be based on the role-playing video illustrating a hypothetical interaction between a patient and a therapist. Overall, this video can give viewers deeper insight into the use of solution focused therapy.  It is important to mention that solution focused therapy is based on the assumption â€Å"that are always exceptions to the problems† (Sharry, 2007, p. 39). In other words, there are situations when a person is able to overcome a certain difficulty. There are various factors that can influence the behavior of individuals and their relations with other people. More importantly, in many cases, people forget about such situations. Furthermore, they do not analyse them (Sharry, 2007, p. 39). This is why they often feel helpless. In turn, the task of a practitioner is to urge people to recollect such cases. In part, this principle is reflected in the video. It should be mentioned, a patient is a woman who has problems with anger management (Loveland, 2012). So, she often quarrels with her husband. The practitioner asked her to remember those cases when she did not lose her temper (Loveland, 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, he encouraged her to think about the reasons why she was able to control her emotions. Overall, it is possible to argue that this discussion is the first step to identifying solutions to the challenges faced by people. Thus, pati ents’ perceptions can change.  Apart from that, solution focused therapy involves the need to â€Å"amplify the exceptions† (Sharry, 2007, p. 39). In other words, one should encourage a person to think about those qualities that are useful for addressing a certain problem. Moreover, a patient can be asked to speak about his/her experiences on such occasions. This discussion is very important because it demonstrates that a certain problem can be resolved. This approach has been exemplified in this video. For instance, the patient mentioned deep breathing that often prevented her from venting her spleen on other people (Loveland, 2012). Moreover, they talked about such a method as counting from one to ten. The amplification of exceptions is necessary because it makes an individual feel more confident. Furthermore, the feeling of helplessness does not affect an individual very strongly . One should keep in mind that the emphasis on exceptions can be useful for solving o ther problems. For instance, one can speak about work stress, conflicts with relatives and co-workers, or ineffective time management. So, this form of therapy has been used in different settings. This video highlights the importance of other techniques; for instance, the therapist relied on the so-called â€Å"miracle questions† which prompted person to imagine that every problem had been effectively addressed (Sharry, 2007, p. 39; Loveland, 2012). This approach highlighted the idea that it would be easy to overcome a certain problem. Overall, this questioning technique has been rather helpful. Admittedly, one should remember that it is only a role-playing video illustrating a hypothetical interaction between a patient and a practitioner. In real life, therapists may not face considerable challenges. For instance, it may be difficult for a person to recollect those cases when a certain challenge was effectively overcome. Apart from that, he/she can be very irritated. Neverth eless, this strategy chosen by the practitioner can be applied in various setting if a therapist displays empathy for a person. Overall, this discussion indicates that exceptions play an important role in solution focused therapy. They are vital for showing that a patient has the strength to cope with a specific challenge. Many people are adversely affected by the lack of confidence. In turn, one should change people’s views on their difficulties.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Solution Focused Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More So, it is important to explore those cases when an individual could address a certain psychological problem or at least reduce its impacts. The chosen video exemplifies the main peculiarities of this technique. It seems that this approach can benefit patients who may encounter various difficulties. Reference List Loveland, D. (Executive Producer). (2012, Apr. 11). Solution Focu sed Brief Therapy  (SFBT) Demonstration [Video file]. Sharry, J. (2007). Solution-Focused Groupwork. New York, NY: SAGE.

WATCH How to choose the right career path for you

WATCH How to choose the right career path for you Do we choose our careers or are they chosen for us?   Often simple fate determines where we spend our professional lives, but tech entrepreneur and former Chief Operating Officer of Duo Security Zack Urlocker believes it’s imperative that we consciously choose our own path.

Foundations for Cultural Competence in Arab Culture Case Study

Foundations for Cultural Competence in Arab Culture - Case Study Example A vaginal examination would enable the doctors and nurses to obtain vaginal samples that can be used in the diagnosis. The mother insists that the doctors and nurses should only give prescriptions without the examination, an opinion that contradicts with nursing standards of practice, as well as the definition of evidence-based practice. This paper will describe the best course of action for the nurse. The nurse should demonstrate understanding of Mrs. Nasser’s views and convictions concerning the issue at hand. Evidently, Mrs. Nasser’s concerns have a strong basis because if the virginity of the daughter is under compromise, it can destroy her life, making her a social reject. Therefore, the nurse should reassure Mrs. Nasser that her concerns are worth proper consideration. However, the nurse should also explain that prescription without diagnosis poses serious health risks and that it is unacceptable (Purnell, 2013). The nurse should elaborate the possibility of carrying out a vaginal exam that does compromise the virginity of the young girl. The nurse should depict a high level of understanding while giving Mrs. Nasser and her daughter the reassurance they need. Notably, nurses play a critical role in helping patients understand the available treatment procedures and choices. Moreover, nurses should provide patients and their family members with the emotional suppo rt required so that they can be willing to accept the available treatment options. Finally, nurses should prove to be highly culturally competent. Nurses should be able to exhibit culturally congruent behaviors and attitudes when delivering care to different communities. In this case, the nurse should demonstrate respect for the Arab culture. In addition, the nurse should have the required skills to carry out a culturally congruent assessment in order to determine the underlying beliefs and the opinions of both Mrs. Nasser and her daughter (Songwathana & Siriphan, 2015).

Kant and the Simpson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kant and the Simpson - Essay Example The fulfillment of our desires is easier than the fulfillment of our goals. The Simpsons often emphasize the clash among the goals and wishes. A lot of episodes tell us that the Simpsons are better. In â€Å"dumbbell indemnity†, Homer is shown to have the ability to rationalize his desires while consulting moral duties. He is asked by his friend Moe to destroy his car so that Moe can get the insurance. Homer consults his conscience and decides to do it. This teaches us how not to act. In â€Å"war of Simpsons† when Homer deliberately hurts his wife, due to which she takes him to a marriage counseling session at cat fish lake, he is persuaded by the thought of General Sherman, a fish, to go fishing but in the end he renounces fame for family and frees the fish. In this way he prefers moral deeds on his desires. Flanders was also at the counseling session because his wife had underlined in his bible. As opposite to Moe, Flanders had no personal wants. In â€Å"Viva Ned Flanders†, Flanders hires Homer to teach him how to live and that gives a disastrous Drunken Double Marriage in Las Vegas. Homer has a desire for his personal life while Flanders is deep into m orality. Bart is a devilish boy just like his father. In â€Å"Bart’s girlfriend†, Bart is in love with the minister’s daughter, Jessica. Adversely, Jessica is only interested in him because she sees him as his partner in the theft from the collection basket. When she steals from the basket, Bart tries to convince her that it is wrong but instead he gets caught which makes him to return to his cunning. In another episode â€Å"Bart the mother†, Bart incidentally kills a mother bird but feels so guilty that he decides to take care of the orphan eggs which, unfortunately come out to be banned bird eating lizards. Although this was wrong but he gets fame because of it as they started eating the pigeons and the harvest was saved. Lisa, Bart’s sister tries to change his mind but he was too devious to listen to anyone. In â€Å"Reality Bites† Marge took up a job as an estate agent as a career to prove her values and abilities to herself and to sto p being taken granted by her family. The trouble is Marge sincerely wants to help her customers and is prepared to sacrifice her own interests for the sake of her perceived duty and she sticks to honesty in selling houses rather than falsehoods. But by the end of the story she learns that she can still do her duty for duty’s sake and still achieve her personal goals. No matter what others say but telling the truth do not always hurt. Lisa is a girl with a strong sense of moral duty. She can not tolerate things which are against proper ethical behavior and when ever she takes a stand for principles she has to suffer and she is forced to turn a blind eye towards it. In â€Å"Lisa stands up for principle† Lisa, while having a lamb chop in her meal, identifies that it is wrong to slaughter a defenseless animal. While fighting for her principles Lisa ruined homer’s barbecue party and is being shunned by her family. She then found refuge in the house of a Hindu store owner, Apu, where she met a new vegetarian family Paul and Linda. She finally thought that her ideas will be respected here but the mild reply which she got from Apu when she said that people can eat cheese made her realize that she was being arrogant and hard on many people. This accident created a mild and bearable sense of morality in Lisa. In â€Å"Lisa isolation† Lisa insisted on being enrolled in a military school with her brother Bart. As the first girl in the school Lisa felt very isolated even her brother

Rebecca Walker Short Biography Essay Example for Free

Rebecca Walker Short Biography Essay Rebecca Walker is a writer, philanthropist, feminist, and mother. She is the daughter of Alice Walker, who was also a famous feminist and writer. Growing up with a mother who was an active radical feminist heavily influenced her ideologies, although she states in her autobiography that she disagrees with many of Alice Walker’s more radical views. She has worked as a consultant on cultural diversity and gender roles for businesses like Sony, Microsoft, and JP Morgan. Rebecca Walker was born November 17, 1969 in Jackson Mississippi to Alice Walker and her husband Mel Leventhal, and Jewish American Lawyer. Her parents divorced when she was eight and she spent her childhood moving back and forth between her mothers home in San Francisco in a predominantly African American neighborhood and her Fathers home in New York in a Jewish neighborhood. While Walker was staying in San Francisco, she spent most of her time being looked after by relatives or neighbors because her mother was frequently away working in the feminist movement. Walker had the drive and determination to be able to receive an excellent education. She was able to receive an education at a private high school, the Urban School of San Francisco. She graduated from Yale University in 1992. In the same year, she helped found the Third Wave Foundation, a women’s leadership and activism organization. During her career as a writer, Walker has written in the subjects of gender roles, racism, sexism, politics, sexual orientation, and third wave feminism. In her autobiography Black, White, and Jewish: Autobiography of a Shifting Self she speaks about her parents’ divorce and how her bisexuality, and her biracial and bicultural heritage has affected her life. Walker had also been a contributor to several magazines and other publications. In her book To Be Real: Telling the Truth and Changing the Face of Feminism, Walker talks about her feminist views and call out her mother’s generation of feminists for â€Å"for denigrating men and encouraging women to seek independence whatever the cost to their families. † (Walker 1995). Walker became an active member of the feminist movement in 1992 shortly after she graduated from Yale. She helped co found the Third Wave Foundation Walker speaks at universities and conferences about multiculturalism, equality, intergenerational cooperation, and third–wave feminism. Walker says that the goal of third-wave feminism should not be to raise women above men, as she said her mother believed should be done, but to seek true equality for all people. Her books explained that feminists also need to work towards equality for other people in need like victims of racial discrimination and those living in poverty. As an adult, Rebecca Walker became estranged from her mother. The two frequently disagreed over Rebecca’s ideologies, which were not as radical as her mother’s. In 2004, Rebecca and her partner Choyin Rangdrol, a Buddhist teacher, had their first son Tenzin when Rebecca was thirty five years old. In 2007, Walker published her book Baby Love: Choosing Motherhood After a Lifetime of Ambivalence. Walker encourages feminists to pay attention to their age and not to miss out on the opportunity to be a mother and states the fact that she regrets waiting so long herself, as she is now unable to have second child. She argues against radical feminist ideas that motherhood is a burden to women and instead calls it a blessing. Walker has received many awards for her writing and for her activism work. She has received the â€Å"Feminist of the Year† award, the â€Å"Woman of Distinction† award, and the â€Å"Women Who Could be President† award. Her autobiography Black, White, and Jewish: Autobiography of a Shifting Self was given the Alex Award by the American Library Association.

Fantasy in Theatre :: Fantasy Shakespeare Theatre Drama Essays

Fantasy in Theatre In preperation for our performance on the above subject, we firstly listened to several pieces of fantasy music as a guided visualisation in which we were asked to imagine going through different doors and to visualise what was behind them. This then inspired us to experiment with diferent stylistic devices to include in our performance. We were given two pieces of text that was goin to be the scope for our piece of Drama, they were: A Midsummer Night's Dream - A play by William Shakespeare. Era wise, there were no problems with using this, as Shakespeare is timeless and can be set in any period of history, including modern day. This particular play is set in the dream like world of fairies. The Lord of the fairies, Oberon, has an argument with his lover, Titiania, over a young boy she has adopted after the death of her waiting woman. Oberon wants her to hand over the child to him, Titania refuses. Oberon decides to send Puck to fetch a magic flower, the juice of which, dropped into Titanias' eyes will make her fall in love with the first thing she sees in order to trick her. He hopes that this will distract her so he can take the boy. The Jabberwocky - This is a poem written by Lewis Carroll (from Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, 1872) It tells of the defeat of a mythical monster. By reading the text, we can see that it doesn't really make much sense, but we can make some sense of the words by their sounds. In our group, we started discussing our ideas then looked at the two texts and fitted our ideas around them. In our performance, we decided to have good and evil involved, we had 2 dream masters and 4 other people. 2 of which were taken by the evil dream master who gave them nightmares, the other 2 were taken by the good dream master who fulfilled their fantasies. The 4 characters had there own dream, one wanted everything they asked for, another wanted to be an Indian, another wanted to remain popular and successful at school, and lastly the focal point was on the character who wanted to see her Mother again because she passed away. We used the idea out of 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' where Titania was put asleep, in our play,we also took the idea of having 2 dream masters from the characters Oberon and Puck. The dream master puts the 4 characters to sleep using his powers. The first 3 characters have there dream or fantasy then the girl who

Cold War in Guatemala

Guatemala is known for being one of the most dangerous countries in Central America; nevertheless, it is not its fault that it is the way it is. During the Cold War there were many factors involved and many events that led to the Guatemala of today. It all began with the election of Colonel Arbenz during the â€Å"Ten Years of Springtime† which ended because President Eisenhower was influenced by his connections to Guatemala ´s â€Å"state within a state,† (TWT) the United Fruit Company. His decision disrupted a prosperous time for the country and created a dictatorship that gave birth to an army that caused a civil war which lasted over thirty years.Followed by a genocide that has the worst human rights record; it marked the beginning of a totally different Central American country that is now scarred and has not yet fully recovered from this disastrous event. Sometimes actions are committed for the right reasons but in a wrong way; the United States did exactly that . They changed an entire nation for their own interest by having most of the country under the control of an American-owned business, and ended up destroying it slowly and painfully with the result of a genocide and a thirty-year civil war.On the other hand, the Soviet Union only stood aside and let the country’s communism be taken over. From 1945 to late 1954 there was a time of prosperity in Guatemala known as the â€Å"Ten Years of Springtime. † Juan Josà © Arà ©valo, who was the president at this time, began the period of enlightenment by establishing the nation ´s security system and health system. He also created a government bureau â€Å"to look at Mayan concerns† (TWT). He was followed by Colonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzman who won the elections of 1951.During this time, most of the land in Guatemala was controlled by the United Fruit Company which was an American-owned company that directed the other two big enterprises in the country, the International Ra ilway of Central America and Empress Electrica. Statistically speaking, seventy percent of the farm laborers and arable land were run by two percent of the landowners. One hundred sixty thousand acres of this territory were uncultivated so Arbenz came up with a land reform to redistribute these pieces of land to peasants, letting them have individually owned small farms.The company was compensated but it still disagreed with the reform even though they did not lose much money. The United Fruit Company not only owned land though, it also owned the telegraph and telephone system of the country and most of the railroad track; therefore, it was labeled the â€Å"state within a state† (TWT). Connections between this huge enterprise and the United States' government were really close, especially since so many members of both organizations had personal relationships with one another (TWT). This was the initial push towards American involvement in Guatemala.What actually convinced Pr esident Eisenhower to step in, was when â€Å"Nicaragua’s president, Anastasio Somoza, solicited U. S. assistance to overthrow Arbenz† (Cold War Museum). The country was labeled â€Å"communist† and under this excuse, the containment policy was put to action. Aid was sent to the Guatemalan Army, including CIA planes and a CIA army. Jacobo Arbenz Guzman was overthrown and fled to Cuba (TWT). After the intervention, Colonel Castillo Armas became the new president after being chosen by the United States, â€Å"ensuring the promotion of American interests in Guatemala† (Cold War Museum).The â€Å"Springtime† was over. After Armas, a succession of military dictatorships followed but, the economy of the country began to drop and the gap between rich and poor just got wider; guerrilla groups were beginning to appear. Since the 1960s, the CIA created links with the Guatemalan Army unit, also called the G-2, which killed thousands of Guatemalan civilians by having their own â€Å"torture centers and body dumps throughout Guatemala† (TWT). Public reports revealed that this army was the most repressive and in 1977, United States president Jimmy Carter cut off military aid (TWT).Argentina, Chile, and Israel continued to play a major role by supplying weapons, building munitions, and training the Guatemalan soldiers. A genocide, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group. † This event marked the 1980s for Guatemala. Violence was inevitable for the country, especially with an unstable government, a strong army, and a guerrilla group ready for a rebellion.The soldiers of the Guatemalan army called themselves a â€Å"killing machine† and they began a â€Å"systematic campaign of repression and suppression† (PPU) against the Mayan Indians, a guerrilla group that was part of the resistance. For two years, they were hunted down and murdered while the army’s perception of the Mayan communities only grew worse with time. Six hundred twenty-six villages were destroyed, or â€Å"disappeared†; children were beat against the walls and thrown down pits, men were tortured until death, and women were sexually abused and tortured at the same time. This became known as the â€Å"Silent Holocaust† (PPU).As a result, around 70,000 people died during this event and in the following years, from 1966 to 1990, an estimate of 200,000 murders occurred. There was almost a complete extermination of the Mayan communities (PPU). In 1986, â€Å"civilian rule and a new constitution were set up because, but the army held on its power because half a million Guatemalans were/are members of the army† (PPU). It took the Guatemalan leaders from both sides, the government and the resistance, five years to sign a peace agreement created by the United Nations to stop the thirty-year Civil War.In 1994, the Unite d Nations set up a human rights monitor in Guatemala called MINUGUA (TWT). MINUGUA highlighted many cases of torture and murder and came to the conclusion that human rights are violated on a daily basis. Guatemala today is still standing on the hope of a peace agreement that is still in progress. This peace agreement would also represent â€Å"democratic leadership, rights for indigenous people and displaced communities, demilitarization, constitutional reforms, an end to impunity, a Truth Commission, political participation, and attention to socio- economic issues such as land reform† (TWT).The United States can help Guatemala by stopping the aid they continue giving to the army (TWT), by supporting political and economic reform, and ending the war they have against the Guatemalan people. Today, there are still investigators looking for those who survived the genocide or were a part of it to continue to bring justice to the Guatemalan people for their incredible loss of live s many years ago. For example, just recently, General Efrain Rios Montt, who ruled Guatemala from 1982 to 1983, was just convicted to eighty years of prison for the genocide of his people (CNN).This is the first step the country of Guatemala has taken to move on from its horrible past. As is obvious, the Guatemalan country suffered greatly with the Cold War because of all the problems it created. The United States aided this country because of the containment policy at first but ended up supporting the army that caused the genocide, and eventually creating a civil war that lasted thirty years. Guatemala is doing much better in modern days, but it still has not fully recovered from such events that occurred in the past, a huge scar was left behind. Cold War in Guatemala Guatemala is known for being one of the most dangerous countries in Central America; nevertheless, it is not its fault that it is the way it is. During the Cold War there were many factors involved and many events that led to the Guatemala of today. It all began with the election of Colonel Arbenz during the â€Å"Ten Years of Springtime† which ended because President Eisenhower was influenced by his connections to Guatemala?s â€Å"state within a state,† (TWT) the United Fruit Company. His decision disrupted a prosperous time for the country and created a dictatorship that gave birth to an army that caused a civil war which lasted over thirty years.Followed by a genocide that has the worst human rights record; it marked the beginning of a totally different Central American country that is now scarred and has not yet fully recovered from this disastrous event. Sometimes actions are committed for the right reasons but in a wrong way; the United States did exactly that. T hey changed an entire nation for their own interest by having most of the country under the control of an American-owned business, and ended up destroying it slowly and painfully with the result of a genocide and a thirty-year civil war.On the other hand, the Soviet Union only stood aside and let the country’s communism be taken over. From 1945 to late 1954 there was a time of prosperity in Guatemala known as the â€Å"Ten Years of Springtime. † Juan Jose Arevalo, who was the president at this time, began the period of enlightenment by establishing the nation?s security system and health system. He also created a government bureau â€Å"to look at Mayan concerns† (TWT). He was followed by Colonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzman who won the elections of 1951.During this time, most of the land in Guatemala was controlled by the United Fruit Company which was an American-owned company that directed the other two big enterprises in the country, the International Railway of Cen tral America and Empress Electrica. Statistically speaking, seventy percent of the farm laborers and arable land were run by two percent of the landowners. One hundred sixty thousand acres of this territory were uncultivated so Arbenz came up with a land reform to redistribute these pieces of land to peasants, letting them have individually owned small farms.The company was compensated but it still disagreed with the reform even though they did not lose much money. The United Fruit Company not only owned land though, it also owned the telegraph and telephone system of the country and most of the railroad track; therefore, it was labeled the â€Å"state within a state† (TWT). Connections between this huge enterprise and the United States' government were really close, especially since so many members of both organizations had personal relationships with one another (TWT). This was the initial push towards American involvement in Guatemala.What actually convinced President Eise nhower to step in, was when â€Å"Nicaragua’s president, Anastasio Somoza, solicited U. S. assistance to overthrow Arbenz† (Cold War Museum). The country was labeled â€Å"communist† and under this excuse, the containment policy was put to action. Aid was sent to the Guatemalan Army, including CIA planes and a CIA army. Jacobo Arbenz Guzman was overthrown and fled to Cuba (TWT). After the intervention, Colonel Castillo Armas became the new president after being chosen by the United States, â€Å"ensuring the promotion of American interests in Guatemala† (Cold War Museum).The â€Å"Springtime† was over. After Armas, a succession of military dictatorships followed but, the economy of the country began to drop and the gap between rich and poor just got wider; guerrilla groups were beginning to appear. Since the 1960s, the CIA created links with the Guatemalan Army unit, also called the G-2, which killed thousands of Guatemalan civilians by having thei r own â€Å"torture centers and body dumps throughout Guatemala† (TWT). Public reports revealed that this army was the most repressive and in 1977, United States president Jimmy Carter cut off military aid (TWT).Argentina, Chile, and Israel continued to play a major role by supplying weapons, building munitions, and training the Guatemalan soldiers. A genocide, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group. † This event marked the 1980s for Guatemala. Violence was inevitable for the country, especially with an unstable government, a strong army, and a guerrilla group ready for a rebellion.The soldiers of the Guatemalan army called themselves a â€Å"killing machine† and they began a â€Å"systematic campaign of repression and suppression† (PPU) against the Mayan Indians, a guerrilla group that was part of the resistance. For two years, they were hunted down and murdere d while the army’s perception of the Mayan communities only grew worse with time. Six hundred twenty-six villages were destroyed, or â€Å"disappeared†; children were beat against the walls and thrown down pits, men were tortured until death, and women were sexually abused and tortured at the same time. This became known as the â€Å"Silent Holocaust† (PPU).As a result, around 70,000 people died during this event and in the following years, from 1966 to 1990, an estimate of 200,000 murders occurred. There was almost a complete extermination of the Mayan communities (PPU). In 1986, â€Å"civilian rule and a new constitution were set up because, but the army held on its power because half a million Guatemalans were/are members of the army† (PPU). It took the Guatemalan leaders from both sides, the government and the resistance, five years to sign a peace agreement created by the United Nations to stop the thirty-year Civil War.In 1994, the United Nations se t up a human rights monitor in Guatemala called MINUGUA (TWT). MINUGUA highlighted many cases of torture and murder and came to the conclusion that human rights are violated on a daily basis. Guatemala today is still standing on the hope of a peace agreement that is still in progress. This peace agreement would also represent â€Å"democratic leadership, rights for indigenous people and displaced communities, demilitarization, constitutional reforms, an end to impunity, a Truth Commission, political participation, and attention to socio- economic issues such as land reform† (TWT).The United States can help Guatemala by stopping the aid they continue giving to the army (TWT), by supporting political and economic reform, and ending the war they have against the Guatemalan people. Today, there are still investigators looking for those who survived the genocide or were a part of it to continue to bring justice to the Guatemalan people for their incredible loss of lives many years ago. For example, just recently, General Efrain Rios Montt, who ruled Guatemala from 1982 to 1983, was just convicted to eighty years of prison for the genocide of his people (CNN).This is the first step the country of Guatemala has taken to move on from its horrible past. As is obvious, the Guatemalan country suffered greatly with the Cold War because of all the problems it created. The United States aided this country because of the containment policy at first but ended up supporting the army that caused the genocide, and eventually creating a civil war that lasted thirty years. Guatemala is doing much better in modern days, but it still has not fully recovered from such events that occurred in the past, a huge scar was left behind.

What techniques does Shakespeare use to reveal Iago’s villainy?

The play Othello is a stereotypical Shakespearean tragedy and it uses characters that are stereotypical of the views people had during the Jacobean period. Othello is a tragedy because the main characters die at the end f the play, also throughout the play themes of prejudice; deceit and love/hate are introduced. Shakespeare has used other sources other that his imagination for his plays. ‘Othello' was thought to have been taken from Hecatommithi, a collection of Italian short stories written by Giraldi Cinthio, the story seven contains many of the same names and situations as in Othello. In this essay I will analyze and comment on how Shakespeare uses techniques to reveal Iago's villainy. I will look at what effects the techniques Shakespeare uses have on the way Iago is presented to the audience. In act 2 scene 3 ‘Othello' we can clearly see the way Iago uses his surreptitious mind to persuade Othello that Desdemona is having an affair with Casio. Due to Iago's manipulation of Othello, Othello starts to doubt Desdemona's loyalty and becomes under Iago's control. Iago uses a sly way to get Othello's attention and get him to believe what he has to say is true, he uses phrases such as â€Å"my noble lord† using both a personal pronoun by saying â€Å"my† and flattery by calling Othello his â€Å"noble lord† which would be taken as a huge compliment. Othello interestedly says â€Å"what dost thou say, Iago?† Iago the produces a question â€Å"Did Michael Cassio, when you woo'd my lady know of your love?† which is, in this case, the first question to doubt Othello's mind. Othello replies with â€Å"he did, from first to last, why dost thou ask?† meaning Cassio did know about their love, Othello is a it confused by the question so asks Iago why he asked, Iago then sneakily continues with â€Å"but for satisfaction of my thought, no further harm† and this is to keep Othello interested but still in doubt of what's going on and what's the point of it all. Iago used techniques of withholding information, this gets Othello curious as to why Iago is so inquisitive, this makes Othello frustrated by Iago's confusing answers, he demands an answer, this makes the audience feel Othello is not as good character as he seemed and Iago is not as clever as he previously thought. Othello is very clever in the way that he tells Iago , â€Å"yes, and went between us very oft† here he tries to get information out of Iago about what's going on because Othello had been incidentally reminded but Iago that Cassio has easy and frequent access to Desdemona so therefore senses that Iago is lying, which causes Iago to repeat his words out of coyness â€Å"honest my lord†, Iago is then worried that he had gone too far and saves himself with a brief answer to Othello my lord, for aught I know†. However Othello can't be fooled that easily and still suspects something is going on and therefore assumed Iago is withholding information, so asks â€Å"what dost thou think?† Othello then falls deeper into his daze of doubt and tells Iago that he knows there is more to it that meets the eye, â€Å"nay there's more in this.† Iago then tells Othello he is known of being false and nasty but it is what he has seen and heard â€Å"why say they are vilet false†, and Iago says to Othello that he doesn't want to tell him, but needs to â€Å"it is my natures plague to spy into abuse† Iago tells Othello his story. Although Iago is careful not to say anything that could later be used against him, Othello becomes angry and annoyed, yet upset at what he thinks has happened, â€Å"†¦he echoes me, as if there were some monster in his thought too hideous to be shown† but then Iago cleverly ends the subject with â€Å"my lord, you know I love you† so that he can then bring it up later, and at the same time establishes Othello's trust in him. After a long conversation with each other, Iago becomes more persuasive towards Othello, he tries to get Othello to agree with him but also leaving a bit of doubt in what he says â€Å"†¦I think that he is honest†, which Othello automatically believes he is honest if Iago says so, because he trusts him so much and at the time, is believing everything Iago is saying. Also that words Iago uses is important in the persuasion, such as â€Å"men should be what they seem† and â€Å"†¦ I think Cassio's an honest man†, the significance of these words is important because Iago is leaving no evidence and is making sure he is not saying anything that other characters in the play, including Othello can use against him as evidence to prove he is a villain. This makes the readers feel slightly intimidated by the character Iago; he is cunning and devious and is very clever at carrying out his plans toward Othello. Shakespeare uses specific techniques to show that the manipulation of other characters by Iago. Iago makes the characters in the play believe he is honest when in fact he is deceiving them and is going behind their backs to turn others against them. For example, in act 3 scene 3 â€Å"my noble lord†. Iago is gaining Othello's trust by using personal pronouns and addressing him as if they were the best of friends. By gaining Othello's trust, Iago thinks Othello will listen to him more and is more likely to believe what he is saying. By having this advantage of being able to influence what Othello does and says, the other characters wouldn't know what Iago is doing; but with Othello being in charge, Iago technically has control over the other characters by being able to influence Othello's decisions. He later then says â€Å"o beware, my lord of jealousy† in this statement Iago is making Othello think about Cassio trying to get with Desdemona because he is jealous of Othello and Desdemona's relationship. One of Iago's techniques is to find the characters' weaknesses and use it against them. One example of this is when Iago discovers Cassio's weakness was alcohol; Cassio leaves Iago on his own, this gives him time to explain to the audience what he is planning to do. â€Å"If I can fasten but one cup on him†¦ He'll be full of quarrel and offence† Then convinced him to have a few more drinks, he got drunk and started fighting. Iago did this because he wanted to get moved up ranking and wanted Cassio's position so was trying to get him fired. Typical views of Italian men in the renaissance period involve scheming, and devious behavior. Shakespeare created Iago based on the personality traits of a typical Italian stereotype, Machiavelli. Machiavelli did anything it took to get to the top, much like Iago, who was willing to kill people so he could get a higher position, he was also deceitful and devious like Machiavelli because of his two faced treachery. Iago manages to persuade characters in the play to do things that will benefit him, things that they would not normally do, one of the main victims of this particular type of manipulation is Othello, and Iago manages to [persuade Othello to kill Desdemona, the love of his life! He does this by using persuasive techniques such as reverse intention, this occurs throughout the play, when Othello and Iago are talking about Cassio's dream Othello shouts â€Å"monstrous† but Iago then says â€Å"nay† trying to imply it was only a dream, therefore minimizing the significance, at least, this is what Iago would theoretically be trying to do, however in this case he is actually trying to make Othello suspect more than a dream. At this point the audience know Iago is the villain because of the recent goings on in the play relating to trying get Cassio drunk, and his monologues so realize what he is trying to do. Another instance of reverse intention is when Iago states â€Å"let her live† he puts the idea of killing Desdemona in Othello's mind despite never mentioning it in the first place. Iago purposely uses long sentences so Othello only notices the points he wants him to notice, subtly disguising the hints he imploys to imply Desdemona's guilt, â€Å"I do beseech though I perchance and vicious in my guess ( as I confess it is my natures plague they spy into my abuses and of my jealousy shape faults that are not)-that your wisdom from one that is so imperfectly conceits would not notice, nor build yourself a trouble out of his scattering and unsure observance†, Although the character Iago is saying he is vicious in his guess, and then tries to accuse Othello of mistakenly imagining things, he is basically trying to avoid having to say something unpleasant, trying to direct Othello away from the point that was made. The commentary then gets Othello confused, he asks, â€Å"What dost thou mean?† Iago then has tie plain it, quite distressing Othello, it makes Othello think Iago is accusing him of a life of jealousy which he gets quite offended by. In the play, Shakespeare purposely structures it Iago's villainy it revealed at the end, if this were not the case, and the characters realized Iago's villainy at the beginning or earlier on in the play, there would be no storyline, the play is only based around two days, here would be no themes of deceit, death, heartbreak and villainy, so structuring the play in this way was the best way of presenting the tragedy. Also, because the play was only based on two days, this would not gave given Desdemona any time to be unfaithful to Othello, therefore undermining the belief for Othello's guilt. Iago is clever by covering his deception by never saying anything that he would think Othello would take offence to or not believe, he only says things he knows Othello is thinking anyway so he doesn't get himself into trouble, he never even suggests anything he just presents them as mere ideas so people have nothing to blame on him later on it the play † to grosses issues, nor larger reach than to suspicion† Iago is urging Othello to take a different course of action in certainty he is only planting the idea in his mind. Racism and prejudice would be a difficult theme to portray if Iago's villainy was revealed at the beginning, Othello would never befriend a known villain because he is hated enough for his race, he feels alien to Desdemona and his other characters n the play, â€Å"his own clime, complexion and degree†, this makes Othello feel alienated, â€Å"set on thy wife†, Othello has moved from feeling fine to feeling low, he sunk very quickly after Iago mentioned he is different to Desdemona, he took things to heart easily and took offence very easily. Until the end, Othello has no suspicion towards Iago's villainy, this is strange as Iago is trying to turn Othello against his beloved wife, he tries to imply this has cheated on him, he is jealous and he is imagining things, all false accusations, yet Othello notices nothing, because of the repeated use of the word honest when talking about Iago.

Business Process Re-engineerings Come-back

Business Process Re-engineerings Come-back Free Online Research Papers Introduction Pace of literature being published about Business process re-engineering, one of the most talked about phenomena of 90s seems to have gone down in past few years. But recent downturn across the globe has created perfect environment for BPR to make a comeback in a big way. Business process re-engineering has been defined by many researchers in their own words but definition given by Hammer and Champy(1993) is still referred to a lot, according to them: â€Å"Re-engineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance such as cost, quality, service and speed[1].† T his article discusses the factors that are critical for success of a business process re-engineering project, and also why this is the perfect time to undertake such projects. Critical success factors for a BPR project There have been many researches in the past to find out critical success factors for a BPR exercise. Factors suggested by Hammer and Stanton have pretty much been the basis of most of such studies done in this area. These factors are: 1.Re-engineering Leadership 2.Organizational Readiness 3.Style of Implementation Lets examine these factors in detail and see which of these factors are the most relevant, when it comes to re-engineering in these times. Re-engineering Leadership This signifies leaders vision and commitment to the project. Since changes involved are radical in nature, and concentrate on processes instead of people, so such changes are often met with a lot of resistance from employees at all levels. To overcome this you need someone from top management to lead the project from front because heads of all the functions involved wont be willing to give up their autonomy. How relevant is this factor in these times? Almost all companies would be thinking of re-engineering their process in current turmoil , of course, reasons would vary from company to company. 1.Companies that have been badly impacted and whose survival is endangered (if this downturn continues for long) are looking for radical changes in the way they do business. These companies want quick response from their re-engineering projects. 2.Companies that have been mildly impacted, or have not been impacted by this downturn need to reengineer themselves for 3 reasons: 1.To guard themselves against long term impact of this downturn 2.To grab the market share of the companies that have been wiped out of picture because this downturn 3.To consolidate their businesses, and prepare for the good times that will follow this downturn Almost all the companies have been forced to take up re-engineering projects to make their survival viable in long term. Even those companies that have not been impacted need to take a fresh look at their processes and prepare themselves for future. So this time, the mandate to re-engineer has been forced on almost all companies, and the top management is not left with any option but to ensure that processes are re-engineered in the best interest of the company. Organizational Readiness Organizational readiness is the existence in the organization of an open attitude toward re-engineering, the capability to make the changes needed and the resources required to support the process. How relevant is this factor in these times? Desperate times call for drastic measures, and there havent been more desperate times than this in past several decades. Organizations definitely have the attitude to re-engineer and sail through the current turmoil but, resources and capabilities might not be present within the organizations. But resources and capabilities are not a constraint anymore as both of these can be arranged, from outside the company. There are enough agencies who can bring in the capabilities and execute the BPR projects for its clients. As far as monetary resource are concerned bailout packages from governments, and declining interest rates have made it easier for organizations to raise money. Companies can also use these resources and invest in building in house capabilities to carry out successful re-engineering projects. Style of Implementation Style of implementation covers aspects such as the need for the re-engineering project to be scoped correctly, for project participants to be empowered to make changes and management systems to be put into place before the implementation of re-engineering projects. The scope of the process chosen for redesign must be well defined in terms of cost improvements or increases in customer value for it to improve performance across the organization. How relevant is this factor in these times? With almost 2 decades in practice, there are enough proven methods which can be followed to make the re-engineering projects successful. Also, with lesser business activity happening these days, this is a perfect time to devote all the organizational energy towards re-engineering processes. Agencies that undertake BPR projects on contractual basis are available in large numbers these days. Organizations can avail their services to carry out a successful re-engineering project. Technology, which is another very important tool for carrying out re-engineering, is also available easily these days. With open-source business process management and re-engineering tools, come best practices evolved over the years, at very little cost Conclusions Need for re-engineering is at all time high and so is the supply of resources for carrying out these projects. Companies should embark upon this journey before its too late for them. If an organization is not convinced with its capabilities to carry out such project on its own then, there is enough professional help available in the market these days. References 1.Hammer,M., Champy.J., (1993), Re-engineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution., Harper Collins, London. 2.Murphy F., Seddon P., Staples S. (2000), Testing Hammer and Stantons Re-engineering success diagnostic., Australasian Journal of Information Systems, Melbourne. Research Papers on Business Process Re-engineering's Come-backGenetic EngineeringIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceEffects of Television Violence on Children

Lewis Surname Meaning & Origin

Lewis Surname Meaning & Origin The Lewis surname is generally derived from the Germanic given name Lewis (Lowis, Lodovicus), meaning reknowned, famous battle, from the Germanic elements hlod ‘fame’ wig ‘war.’ In Wales, the Lewis surname may have derived from an Anglicized form of the personal name Llywelyn. As an Irish or Scottish surname, Lewis can be an Anglicized form of the Gaelic Mac Lughaidh, meaning son of Lughaidh, derived from Lugh brightness. Lewis is also a common Americanization of several similar sounding Jewish surnames, such as Levy and Lewin. Lewis is the 26th most popular surname in the United States and the 21st most common surname in England. Surname Origin: English Alternate Surname Spellings: LOUIS, LOUYS Famous People with the Surname LEWIS: Edna Lewis - Gourmet chef and cookbook authorEdmonia Lewis - African American and Native American female sculptorCarl Lewis - Olympic track and field athleteMeriwether Lewis - one half of the legendary Lewis Clark expedition to the Pacific Ocean, along with William Clark.C.S. Lewis - author of the popular Narnia series of childrens books. Genealogy Resources for the Surname LEWIS: 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? LEWIS Surname DNA ProjectExplore family histories and/or submit your DNA to help unravel the various Lewis family lines. Lewis Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Lewis surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Lewis query. FamilySearch - LEWIS GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Lewis surname and its variations. LEWIS Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Lewis surname. Cousin Connect - LEWIS Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Lewis, and sign up for free notification when new Lewis queries are added. DistantCousin.com - LEWIS Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Lewis. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. Source Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Doll Barbie as a Threat to the Intrinsic Culture of Iran Case Study - 1

Doll Barbie as a Threat to the Intrinsic Culture of Iran - Case Study Example The boyfriend culture and alcohol are too inconsistent with the Islamic culture of Iran. Owing to these facts, the Institute for Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults shaped the doll Sara to knock the Barbie off the shelves in Iranian markets. Sara’s complexion is darker than Barbie and her hair is black. She appears in the traditional Iranian chador that is long enough to touch the floor. Instead of a boyfriend, the Institute designed Dara, who holds the status of Sara’s brother. He wears a turban on the head and a coat. Since thirty years from now when the Islamic Revolution occurred in Iran, Iran has become sensitive about the way West has conventionally influenced other cultures through its products. Accordingly, Iran ceased a Coca-Cola factory that was known to promote American culture in Iran, though not all Iranians condemn Barbie. There are owners of toy stores in Iran who consider Barbie as a means of business that has got nothing to do with cul ture. And there is a moderate community among Iranians that do not like the government’s idea of prohibiting things in the name of culture. Barbie is still popular in Iran and its massive smuggling into Iran stays as an evidence for that. Barbie has been liked a lot in the Arab world, though the Arab League designed the doll Leila in order to make the Arab girls proud of their indigenous culture. Leila was a ten years old doll, the color of whose hair and eyes were black. She wore both Western and traditional Arabic dresses. Leila’s price was $10, which was much less than that of Barbie. However, Leila could not be launched. For Muslim Americans, a Michigan based manufacturer produced the doll Razanne. Razanne promotes the message that the inside of humans matters instead of the way they look. Razanne is preteen and is of three kinds; the blonde fair Razanne, the black haired and olive skinned Razanne, and the black haired and black skinned Razanne.  

Theoretical and Empirical Interest in World Cities Essay

Theoretical and Empirical Interest in World Cities - Essay Example However, the fact remains that the concept of a ‘world city’ is not so simple as this. Often referred to as ‘global city’ or sometimes as ‘alpha city’, a world city happens to be a very significant and important node point in the entire system of global economy. It has been a subject of researchers and empirical studies since long and is one of the most researched areas in the field of urban studies. Geography and urban studies are what the concept of world cities originates from, while globalization is the basis of this concept, considering the fact that the idea of globalization takes into account the hierarchy of the geographic locales in respect of importance to the operation of the global system. It is not that a concept is formed in a day, especially when it concerns as vast an idea as ‘global/world city’. The development of the concept of world cities may not be as old as the global cities themselves. Again, it has also to be kept in mind that the idea of a world city is not just like another of the thousand novel concepts that should better be described as the byproducts of globalization in the modern age. The development of the concept of a world city or a global city has quite a long and rich history. The volume of research works by scholars in all countries in the world and the growing interest in the concept of world city testify to its immense importance in the world of empirical studies. The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss the factors related to the development of the concept of a world city and also to discuss the contemporary research that provides new insights into the hierarchy of world cities. Before we start exploring the development of the concept of a world city, we have to understand that development of the general ideas about a world city and the development of empirical interests in the concept of world/global cities are not the same.  

Desegregation of Public Schools in Boston Essay

Desegregation of Public Schools in Boston - Essay Example On the other hand, desegregation in Boston has brought about mixed responses. The opponents of desegregation argue that busing has resulted in an increased white-flight, considerable decline in white enrollment, increased racial imbalance, low levels of educational quality and paved way for more of racial tensions and violence in the Boston public schools (Buell & Brisbin 151-160). Many white-flight studies have pinpointed that school desegregation has resulted in white enrollment drop off and that court-ordered busing was partly instrumental in the â€Å"steep decline in white enrollments during the first two phases of Judge Garrity’s program† (Buell & Brisbin 152). On the other hand, one can never undermine the positive impacts of desegregation on the lives of many black and other minority Bostonians. This paper seeks to explore how desegregation of public Schools in the 1970s has affected the Bostonian society and in doing so the paper addresses key issues pointed ou t by the opponents of desegregation. ... A comparison of the statistics regarding the racial imbalance in Boston Public Schools according to District Court Guidelines in 1975 and 1980 reveals this. In 1975 schools with too many whites were 20 (35 in 1980); schools with too few whites were 47 (44 in 1980); schools with too many blacks were 43 (21 in 1980); schools with too few blacks were 24 (37 in 1980), schools with too many others were 41 (34 in 1980) and schools with too few others were 52 in comparison with 57 schools in 1980 (Buell & Brisbin 155). As evident from these statistics desegregation has considerably reduced racial isolation in the Boston schools. The opponents of desegregation also hold that the system has declined educational quality and has increased high school drop-out rates. For them, desegregation enhances racial achievement gaps as they believe that the pace of white instruction needs to be slowed so as to accommodate such black slow learners (Buell & Brisbin 161). It is also worthwhile to analyze the teacher perceptions of educational quality and to know whether the percentage of high school graduates pursuing higher education has undergone any positive changes. While the number of high school graduates has considerably increased most senior faculties are not so happy with the student performance since judicial intervention: â€Å"almost half of the senior faculty saw decline while only 13 percent reported improvement† (Buell & Brisbin 163). On the other hand, the magnet schools specially designed for desegregation came out with so many success stories of Boston busing and very often the media and press evaluated desegregation progress based on

Nursing Care Centers For Older People

Nursing Care Centers For Older People The policy of health and social care is eloquent based on the care and demands of the older people. Older people as well as service providers are affected due to the continuing changes in health provision and pressures for cost containment. Many a time, older people have found themselves means-tested for services that have been provided free of cost. Arrangements from nursing care homes limit the money available all over the world, use of a formula that interprets low, medium and high need. A little contribution to the cost of care is paid. According to an international research, the principles of these kinds of agencies cover assessment, for example, the single assessment process (SAP) and the national service framework. However, the approach of any multi-national agency should expose, in both its structure and process, good and latest nursing practice. Now it is a well-known fact that nursing assessment for older people is important. An expert nursing care and care homes for older people plays an important role in the care and comfort of older people. Health and social care needs have been inter-related by the people who need continuing care. Nursing care in care homes has been long argued that distinctions between the two are unworkable. Thus, an interview was conducted which help older could people to communicate and balance their health needs with their chosen lifestyle. Clinical judgment is used by the Care Home staffs to take care of older people and enable them to , improve, maintain, recover and to cope up with their problems and to achieve a better quality of life. Older people make up a large and increasing percentage of the current population. As people grow older, with the rate of increasing their ages, they are increasingly at risk of so many health problems many injuries also. Falling down is the first indication of an undetected illness. Major preventions should be taken for these kinds of problems as they create considerable mortality, morbidity and suffering for older people and their families, and incur social costs due to hospital and nursing home admissions. Targeted strategies should be made which aim at behavioral change and risk modification for those living in the community appear to be most promising. Research methods Online research data from different web sites, different articles, and theoretical studies from different books. The methodology which had been used was collecting data from both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources were the personal interaction with the experts and secondary was the information collected from websites. Qualitative interviews were used to explore views on maintaining dignity of 18 residents of nursing homes. A qualitative descriptive approach was used. The analysis was both deductive (arising from the dignity model) and inductive (arising from participants views). LITERATURE REVIEW AND FINDINGS Today most of the older people living in nursing homes are losing their life there itself. Model based on empirical, is of dignity which has been developed and which forms the basis of a brief psychotherapy to help in promoting dignity and reduce distress at the end of life of older people. The main objective of this study is to explore the generalisability of the dignity model to help older people in nursing homes. As a result of this study, the main categories and features of the dignity model were broadly and intuitively supported on various issues like illness-related problems, social aspects of the illness experience and dignity protecting repertoire. However, some of the sub themes which were related to death were not supported and two new themes came out. Some of the residents found their symptoms and loss of their function were due to old age rather than illness. Although residents did not emerge to experience distress due to thoughts of impending death, rather they were dist ressed by the multiple losses they had experienced.   These finding helps in adding to our understanding of the concerns of older people in care homes on maintaining dignity and suggest that dignity therapy may boost up their sense of dignity. This is one of the major reasons of choosing this topic related to older people as in todays scenario, older people are loosing their existence. As per the findings we got to know that the majority of residents who are living in nursing homes die within 2 years from multiple kinds of medical pathologies. Generally they are heavily reliant on staff for their care, which can grind down their sense of dignity. Maintaining dignity are considered as the highest priority in health and social care strategy documents in most European countries and particular concerns have been raised about loss of dignity in care. Although there is a big deal about rhetoric around dignity, there is no agreed and prescribed definition of this. A brief review of the studies based on international researches exploring the co ncept of dignity from a nursing perspective have showed a wide range of definitions and understanding related to the construct; however, a most common and important theme was to respect a patient as a person. Two of the studies have explored the different views of people on dignity of older people in care homes. One of them found that not being a burden for others was important to residents, and their sense of dignity was threatened by illness and care needs, at the same time the other one described three main themes: The body which can not be recognized. Feebleness and dependence on others. Self inner strength and a sense of coherence. One of the approaches related to dignity-oriented care provision, which focuses directly and specifically on end of life, is Chochinovs dignity-conserving model. This model was developed from interviews which were conducted with patients with advanced cancer and other old age problems (average age was 75 years), focusing on the factors which supports and undermines their dignity. The particularly most important aspect of Chochinovs dignity model is that it has provided the framework for psychotherapy which helps in promoting a sense of dignity and reduces psychological and spiritual distress for older people who are reaching the end of their life.This study has shown promising results for people with advanced cancer and other diseases, along with their families. It is quite clear from different international researches that older people living in care homes are completely helpless vulnerable to having a fractured sense of dignity, which suggests that dignity therapy, may be of benefi t to them. Since the therapy is brief which usually takes only two sessions and can be delivered at the bedside by a trained health care professional, it may be feasible to offer this in a care home setting. However, the dignity model, and therefore dignity therapy, is based on the views of people who are residing in home care centers, most of whom were cared for in the community. It has been shown that less than 10% of residents of nursing homes die from diagnosed cancers and other old age distresses also. Whether or not the model is generalsable to people with no these kinds of problems or to those living in other settings such as care homes, is not known. The aim of this study is to explore and understand the generalisability of Chochinovs dignity model to older people cared for in nursing homes. In recent years there has been a considerable increase in the need for effective health care and them oral boosting for older patients. Our society is ageing day by day, and a large number of people are going into advanced old age.â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ °dentification of treatable diseases before it stats its affect in older people, promises reduction in premature mortality and morbidity in old age. Most of the elderly and frail people are receiving long term care in the community and there are a number of home care centers for older people. There is a perception that some early intervention and rehabilitation services, currently which are being provided in hospitals and home care centers, might be provided in community settings. More effective health care centers are available for providing care managing chronic diseases, such as chronic lung disease, cerebrovascular and coronary heart disease, diabetes, depression, and degenerative conditions such as osteoporosis, dementia and Parkinsons disease. To be implemented for all who might benefit these interventions need to be organized into structured programs. To be the most effective home care center for older people, and to respond to the needs of individuals, care planning should take integrated account of all of the health care needs of individuals particularly when these include both physical and mental health problems as well as the protection of their dignity. Effective health promotion and proactive health care provided by the health care centers for older people are extending the active life-span of older people, reducing the number of people who suffer disability, vulnerability and dependence. The National Service Framework for Older People has been published to ensure the delivery of higher quality services to older people all over the world. The NSF requires the identification of service champions for older people within Each home care organization which are running for older people. Older people should have access to a new range of intermediate care services at home or in designated care settings to promote their independence by providing advanced services from the nursing care services and local authorities to prevent unnecessary hospital admission and effective rehabilitation services to enable early discharge from hospital and to prevent premature or unnecessary admission to long-term residential care. There should be a safe and effective care for older people in enhanced care settings in the community and nursing care centers which require co-ordinated and competent care by a skilled workforce of healthcare professionals, working efficiently together. There should be a proper assessment and rehabilitation in community settings nursing care centers for older people. At the same time there should be a rapid response for acutely ill older people and also a medical support should be provided by Hospital at Home schemes. Following services should be provided to older people: Respite services: Services like podiatry, occupational therapy, hairdressing, personal care, social support, shopping assistance, small group programs, carer support and domestic assistance for self funded retirees and younger people living with a disability and overnight community respite cottage. Service like Family Support Service for families who have children with disabilities arising from a combination of physical, intellectual and sensory impairment with or without complication health issues (0-16 years). Other Services like Domestic Assistance, Personal Care, Social Support and also Other Food Services, Assessment, Case Management, Home Maintenance, Goods/Equipment Provision and Transport and a centre-based day care, social support and other Services like transport should be provided. Nursing services: Should provide nursing care and other services like personal care, allied health care, respite care, social support, domestic assistance, assessment, case management, and personal care, domestic assistance, in home respite, social support, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, volunteers chaplaincy. Nursing care; they also provide centre-based day care, in-home respite care, allied health care, other food services, domestic assistance, social support, information and advocacy, counselling/support, language assistance. etc. Meals on wheels: This service used to deliver meals to the older people. Home care services: Should provide personal care night time mobile attendant care service for people with physical disabilities who require personal care assistance throughout the night. Domestic assistance for younger disability; Should also provide centre-based day care, respite care, podiatrist, hairdresser, transport, home maintenance, minor modification, Home Assist Secure, social support, extended programs, mental health program, younger disability programs, carer support, volunteer coordination. Other services: Should provide other services like, Centre based and in-home respite, podiatry, occupational therapy, hairdressing, personal care, social support, shopping assistance, small group programs, carer support and domestic assistance for self funded retirees and younger people living with a disability, overnight community respite cottage and Veterans Home Care. Community health centers: Should provide domestic assistance, social support, allied health care, nursing care, personal care, assessment, health promotion, indigenous health. Allied health care services: Services should be Centre based and in-home respite, hairdressing, social support, shopping assistance, small group programs and domestic assistance for self funded retirees and younger people living with a disability, personal care etc. Following measures should be taken by Nursing care homes for older people: In order to help the older people from poverty, isolation and neglect, following actions should be taken: Make older people enjoy a better life by providing life-enhancing services and vital support. Keep developing products that are specifically designed for older people and which are helpful in their day to day life. Provide advice and information through their help lines, publications and online at all times. Fund pioneering research into all aspects of getting older. Join forces that will ensure more of their funds go where theyre needed. In order to improve the current situation of the place, the agency needs a huge amount of money. So it should work on the following areas to raise funds for the development: Donations The agency should always look for donations and gifts which are always proved as the greatest source of income. Legacies The average value of new legacies has been increased over the years. British Journal of Social Work 2009 39(4); doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcp024 Events Events and sponsorship are the most valuable sources of income. Money is raised through an exciting variety of events including dances, local walks and runs, overseas treks and cycle challenges. Chris tingle All members of the agency should come together and help in raising over a million pounds to support their work with disadvantaged older people. Carol singing The members of agency should use their voice to raise money for the welfare of the older people. They can either sing door-to-door, out in their community or plan a special carol service. Membership and sponsorship schemes: Many voluntary organisations operate membership schemes. These often offer something to us in return access to historic buildings, nature reserves, galleries, or magazines and the chance to attend events. More and more organisations now offer the opportunity for supporters to sponsor a beneficiary or a project. These schemes bring us closer to the work we are supporting so we can get a real picture of what sort of difference our money is making. Schemes that seem identical on the surface can be very different in detail they are all valuable as far as the charity is concerned but may offer different experiences to us as a donor and we need to know what to expect. In oder to motivate the memebers of the nursing care homes, the managers should use the following ways: By rewarding the team members Always implimenting new ideas Flexible benefits By giving responsibilities and recognitions as well In order to get more and more amenities for the older people, the nursing homes and communities for older people along with the other members of the agencies should work on the following principles: Their vision should see a world in which older people flourish. Their mission should to improve the lives of older people. They should make a real difference to the lives of older people. They can do it by combining the unique strengths, skills and experience of the great charity organizations and sponsors. They should create one united organization that will be stronger and more influential than ever before. They should develop excellent and sustainable services that enhance older peoples lives. They should deliver transformational and sustainable change through their research, policy and influencing. They should always provide definitive products and services tailored specifically for older people but available to all. They should maximize their reach through their retail estate and quality training services. They should create a single, powerful compelling brand by 2010. They should try to become a world renowned organization, reaching out to enhance the lives of older people globally. They should create an effective partnership with their national and regional networks. Agencies for older people should implement the following strategies: There should be a strategy which the agencies should implement, strategy and action plan following consultation on a broad range of seniors issues including health, transport, workforce participation and housing. The main aim this strategy should be to ensure seniors feel safe, supported and have access to appropriate services. To achieve this, the agencies should be keen to explore ideas for working in partnership across government as well as with business and the community. The Government is developing a whole-of-government loom for the way they support seniors into the future. The strategy will definitely identify priority areas for action with an emphasis on making positive changes for seniors who are vulnerable, disadvantaged or socially isolated. Journal of Aging Social Policy, Volume 21, Issue 1 January 2009 The socially isolated older people should be provided the following amenities: Basically, the meaning of social isolation is a low level of interaction with others combined with the experience of loneliness. It is a serious issue for seniors because of the unfavorable impact it can have on health and wellbeing of the older people. Although the majority of older people are not socially isolated, the number of people at risk of social isolation is expected to increase with the ageing of the population. The older people living in nursing care homes are also socially isolated. The older people who are residing in these kinds of agencies are either retired, physically disabled and ill health or loss of a partner and loss of transport. It should always be given importance that older people have the opportunity to be socially connected and, if they wish, to participate in community life. There is a project called The Cross-Government Project which is working to reduce Social Isolation of Older People and was established in 2003 to identify and develop innovative responses to reduce the social isolation of seniors. The project has identified many key findings that can inform program design, service delivery and policy development. A number of reports from various stages of the project have been published. The project also developed best practice guidelines to assist service providers, government agencies and community groups in designing and implementing projects to reduce social isolation of seniors. The British journal of social work Following improvements should be made in nursing care homes for older people: In order to improve the condition of Nursing care homes and communities for older people, the following services should be provided: Rents of the agencies should be decreased. The place should always be kept clean and hygienic. To keep the place clean and hygienic there should be a well managed housekeeping department. As we know that the success any organization is totally dependent upon the employees of the organization. If the employees are getting their job satisfaction then only they give their 100% to the organization. So, If the emplyees of the agency are not satisfied with their salary, then they should be paid competitively. So the salaries should be competitive (In comparison to other organizations). Hence, agency should always do Salary survey, to settle this grievance of the Employees. Employees nature of the job should be challenging at each and every stage but not so difficult that it appears impossible. It should not be boring, hence, set challenging goals for the employees of the agency. Upward/Downward flow of communication should always be ensured. Management of the agency should be highly effective. All the employees of the agency should feel the sense of belongingness with the kind of work they do. Managers of the agency should always play the role of counselors and mentors in the Organization. At all times, the agency should identify the need of the Employees as well of the older people and should decide the motivation strategy. The way of reaching these agencies should always be kept convenient. If the social work agencies are facing difficulties in reaching the park, then the government should also provide transportation to them. The government can not afford to loose these social work agencies at the cost of bad transportation as these agencies play a vital role in uplifting the welfare of the older people. The first and the most key principle of good practice is to be aware of the presence of older people in an emergency and take active steps to locate and identify them. It is an essential step that relief interventions are developing to make consultation with the target community. To perform this activity, first it is necessary to locate, meet and assess the needs of older people through direct observation and discussion and can also be done by directly working with them to identify and address both their immediate needs and their vision for recovery. There should be some steps to achieve these goals. First that includes locating older people, checking their records in service facilities to find out if the expected numbers of older people have attended and, if not, investigate why they are not attending. There should be an outreach approach into assessments, which can include staff, volunteers and other older people to locate vulnerable older people in particular. Mutual support networks of older people can also be used to gather information on the whole community of older people and also the civic, religious and other community leaders can be enqui red because getting on track of older people is the foremost important task in order to make developments for them. Group meetings should be organized by using participatory rapid appraisal (PRA) techniques to allow older people to identify, prioritize and begin to address their problems and explore their capacities. It should be ensured that older people are represented on relevant decision-making and advisory bodies such as disaster preparedness committees, emergency co-ordination committees, nursing care homes and special issue groups. Older people all over the world have begun to control their own lives and influence decisions in their own communities. Basic training should be provided to older peoples representatives and other home care centers to help them to identify the most vulnerable members in a community. Several basic needs have been identified for older people. If there homes have been destroyed, they need building materials and labor to help rebuild shelters. To cook food, they need help for collecting fuel and other ways to share cooking arrangements with neighbors or other individuals. Clothing, fooding and shelter are among the basic items required for older people. Nursing care homes should also provide some work to older people; agencies should address the basic needs and should therefore take account of the some needful factors. Many older people are not automatically given shelter by their adult children and they need and find shelter for themselves. Nursing care homes are aiming at grouping older people together with people, whom they do not know (for example, to make up the numbers required to qualify for shelter or for allocation of supplies such as utensils, plastic sheeting and blankets) can lead to problems of exclusion and abuse as the larger group rejects or resents the presence of the older person. There are situations where basic shelter facilities provided by agencies working for older people leave older people sleeping on cold, hard, or damp surfaces may mean that chronic but manageable joint problems become acute and severely debilitating. But there are solutions to overcome theses problems. Nursing care homes are working on that. They are providing better services to older people. Nursing centers are providing proper fooding system to them. They have simple age-related clinics to deal with issues such as joint pain and other ailments associated with ageing are especially relevant where displaced people are sleeping in the open or on hard, cold or damp surfaces. These clinics are helping in reducing pressure on limited resources by treating groups of older people together, and also they are limit revolving door patterns of repeated patient visits to regular clinics. They make ensured that drugs are available to treat any kind of diseases suffering by older people. Several psychosocial programs are developing that involve and support older people in all conditions. In situations of displacement this may mean dealing with issues such as the fear of death and burial in a foreign place, as well misery for losses already sustained. These nursing care homes are also providing proper food that is digestible by older people for example: maize flour rather than whole grain maize etc.), and that takes account of digestive disorders and a common lack of teeth. They provide food which is familiar and culturally acceptable. They also provide Lobby for supplementary feeding systems to include severely malnourished older people. They also ensure that food for work programs do not exclude older people from food provision and older people have the resources (such as fuel, water and utensils) to cook their food rations if they are not taking from the nursing care home. If the older people are living alone or in pairs, it is important that the utensils available to them are manageable and enough for them. Older people should be linked with their families, only if the family as well the older people are ready to keep the relationship. These agencies are understanding and taking care of the particular risk factors and issues affecting the nutritional status older people. Generally, older people try to hide their sorrow and bad experiences, they stay calm and patient, they try to gather together in groups to support each other and try to share their problems. Older people always want to build, not to destroy. Journal of Aging Social Policy, Volume 21, Issue 1 January 2009 CONCLUSION Nursing care homes for older peole and agencies working for older people teke care of the their interestd and also some of them rely on fundraising income to achieve their aims. The fundraisers make sure the these kinds of organizations achieve maximum impact in their fundraising activities, drawing on the strength of organizations brand to encourage supporters to make whatever contribution they can to their work.The agency is working for the welfare of socially isolated and disadvantaged older people and making efforts to overcome all the obstacles coming in their way to provide the best facility to the older people.For the disadvantaged older people, Christmas was never the same without their familybut the places like Caravan Park of Queensland gave them somewhere to stay and arranged counseling for them à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..things are better nowthey are looking forward to Christmas. Most of the elderly people are living alone. From the findings we came to know that there are 1.5 million people over 70 in the Netherlands, of whom a third are living alone. Usually older people in nursing care home have lost their partner. The largest majority of the older population still surviving and staying on their own. Half of the people over 70 still live with a partner. We can say that one in three lives alone. Only less than 10% live in an old age or nursing home. Many older people are only admitted to a home when they are very old other wise they go for nursing care homes and agencies which are working for older people. Only 3% of people in their seventies live in an old age or nursing home. Among people in their eighties the showed percentage is still higher, but the people living in homes are a minority (17%). It is only when people reach their nineties that half of them live in a home. More older people still have their partner It has been forecasted that in the next twenty years, these nursing homes are going to get older people as they are providing the best amenities to them in terms of food, shelter and cloth. The number of older people who are living on their own is expected to decrease. Some 47% of the people over seventy still have their partner and both of them residing in nursing care centers only. It is expected to become 53% in 2020. The average life expectancy will increase, especially among men. One of the causes for the increase in the number of elderly single people living on their own is that a smaller percentage will be admitted to old age and nursing homes. Between 1995 and 2000 the population over 70 increased by nearly 7%. Government policy of Dutch advocates that older people should go for such kinds of nursing home care centers and agencies working for them. The main aim of the policy is that people only get institutionalized when they can no longer live in their own environment and not with the help of organized home care. Statistics of Netherlands expects a increase in the percentage of older people admitted into care facilities. While the population over 70 will increase by 50% in the next 20 years, the number of people admitted to a home is expected to increase by 20%. Care in the home environment will be increasingly replaced institutionalized care. Moreover, there will be a big development in forms in between living totally on ones own and living in a home: for instance living semi-independently in an apartment complex geared to providing care on demand. REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Text referencing: News paper articles: Electronic sources: Websites Publications available from websites British Journal of Social Work 2009 39(4); doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcp024 The British journal of social work Journal of Aging Social Policy, Volume 21, Issue